DBQ on Jackson and the Indian Removal Essay - 1651 Words

Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The generalization that, â€Å"The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790s than a change in that policy,† is valid. Ever since the American people arrived at the New World they have continually driven the Native Americans out of their native lands. Many people wanted to contribute to this removal of the Cherokees and their society. Knox proposed a â€Å"civilization† of the Indians. President Monroe continued Knox’s plan by developing ways to rid of the Indians, claiming it would be beneficial to all. Andrew†¦show more content†¦First, it claimed that the Indians were easily influenced, saying that their tradition of common landholdings could be effortlessly changed. The promise was also ignorant to the fact that Indians have had years of agricultural experience. The focus was mostly on Indian men, however it was the women who traditionally did the farming the Native American civilizatins. Officials believed that Indian women, like those of European descent, should properly limit themselves to child rearing, household chores, and home manufacturing. The Federal government has violated the Indian Tribes independence and sovereignty. The government has forced them to become civilized. The Indians are natural born hunters, yet they have grown to become herdsmen and cultivators as it states in the Treaty of Holston. The government wanted to shape their lives to better accommodate the white peoples need for land because of the ever-growing population. In a letter to Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson says Indians â€Å"should be led to an agricultural way of life, thus lessening their need for land.† The Indians had taken up many white aspects of life. A member of the Cherokee nation, Sequoyah, invented a Cherokee alphabet that made possibl e a Cherokee-language bible and a bilingual tribal newspaper. According to a letter written by Calhoun to Clay, the Cherokee nation also had established two successful schools where children were taught gender-specific subjects [Document J]. ThisShow MoreRelatedRemoval of Indian Tribes in 17001389 Words   |  6 Pagesin forcing the Indian tribes to leave their homeland and move to the Oklahoma territory. I believe the Tribes were taken advantage of and abused by the states whenever possible. In 1971 the Cherokee tribe was in the process of making treaties with United States. The state of Georgia recognized the Cherokee tribe as a nation allowing them to make their own laws and follow their native customs. In the late 1700’s their land started to be invaded by the white man. The Cherokee Indians began to moveRead More AP HISTORY-Jacksonian Democracy Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesDBQ: Jacksonian Democracy Jacksonian democracy was created during the antebellum America. The Jackson democrats made an attempt to grant power to the lower classes while decreasing the influence of the rich and potent. The Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as saviors of the common people and ruled by the means of a powerful executive branch who attempted to destroy aristocracy in America. In reality, they were typically very wealthy, they disregarded the capability of the federal governmentRead MoreJacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesKathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian democracy of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expansion of the political influence, economic opportunities, and social equality available to â€Å"the common man,† a concept of the masses which President Andrew Jackson and his newly founded Democratic party came to represent. The new administration certainly saw gains for the majority; namely, public participation in government increased to unprecedented

Requirements to Become a Supreme Court Justice

There are no explicit requirements in the U.S. Constitution for a person to be nominated to become a Supreme Court justice. No age, education, job experience, or citizenship rules exist. In fact, according to the Constitution, a Supreme Court justice does not need to even have a law degree. What Does the Constitution Say? The Supreme Court was established as a body in Article Three of the Constitution, signed in convention in 1787. Section I describes the roles of the Supreme and Lower Courts; the other two sections are for the kind of cases that should be examined by the Supreme Court (Section 2, since amended by the 11th Amendment); and a definition of treason.   The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article 3, U.S. Constitution However, since the Senate confirms justices, experience and background have become important factors in the confirmations, and conventions have been developed and largely followed since the first selection of the court during the first presidents term of office. George Washingtons Requirements The first U.S. President George Washington (1789–1797) had, of course, the most number of nominees to the Supreme Court—14, although only 11 made it to the court. Washington also named 28 lower court positions, and had several personal criteria that he used to pick a justice: Support and advocacy of the U.S. ConstitutionDistinguished service in the American RevolutionActive participation in the political life of a particular state or the nation as a wholePrior judicial experience on lower tribunalsEither a favorable reputation with his fellows or personally known to Washington himselfGeographic suitability—the original Supreme Court were circuit ridersLove of the country Scholars say his first criterion was the most important to Washington, that the individual had to have a strong voice in protecting the Constitution. The most any other president has been able to nominate is nine, during the four terms of office of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1932–1945), followed by six nominated by William Howard Taft in his single term from 1909 to 1913. Qualities That Make a Good Judge Several political scientists and others have attempted to assemble a list of criteria that make a good federal judge, more as an exercise of looking at the past history of the court. American scholar Sheldon Goldmans list of eight criteria includes: Neutrality as to parties in litigation  Fair-mindedness  Being well-versed in the lawThe ability to think and write logically and lucidly  Personal integrityGood physical and mental health  Judicial temperament  Able to handle judicial power sensibly Selection Criteria Based on the 200 year history of selection criteria actually used by United States presidents, there are four which most presidents use in varying combinations: Objective meritPersonal friendshipBalancing representation or representativeness on the court (by region, race, gender, religion)Political and ideological compatibility   Sources Abraham, Henry Julian. Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Clinton. Lanham, Maryland: Roman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. Print.Goldman, Sheldon. Judicial Selection and the Qualities That Make a Good Judge. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 462.1 (1982): 112-24. Print.Hulbary, William E., and Thomas G. Walker. The Supreme Court Selection Process: Presidential Motivations and Judicial Performance. The Western Political Quarterly 33.2 (1980): 185-96. Print.

Operation Management Kfc - 4478 Words

OPERATION MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION: KFC is one of the largest franchise company. One of the branch of KFC consists of 100 employees. This business report critically underpin the issues which emerge during the processes, designs and supply chain of the business. It will also unveil that how can KFC become the market leader and gain the competitive advantage over all the rivals. It also reveal that brand name like KFC can increase the productivity, market share avoid wastage. How can it become the cost effective specially, in this highly competitive environment. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: According to the (Mintzberg, 2008) KFC has an open system and highly divisional organization. This,†¦show more content†¦Greeting Phone call Of customers Request type Cancel order Place order Specific order type Page4 Operation Management Variety of different products conversation with speaker FLOW CHART PROCESS MAP THIS DIAGRAM As above figure shows the systematic approach of taking order. However, this system can often become a complete mess. Due to corrupted software application that makes whole system collapse. Henceforth, customer order delayed, labour becomes idol, cost increased. Another reason, which may cause problems in operations, is prank calls. Much of the capital lost because of this reason. Further, operation in KFC can be examined with the help of process chart, which is available in the appendix. Successful organization understand the reality that process perspective in understanding it’s supply network running their operations and managing all their individual processes without this they could not have sustained it’s strategic impact of stiff competition. SUMMARY Activity NO. Of steps Time Distance (Min)/sec (ft) 7 0.30 4.0 4 1.50 5.0 2 2.0 7.0Show MoreRelatedKfcs Big Game of Chicken1081 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry, KFC has gained a substantial global recognition and developed multinational operation in past decades. Although KFC has successfully entered Asian and African markets, the domestic operation has faced lots of challenges such as declining market share, industry competition and franchisees dissatisfaction and so on. President Novak would like to keep how the company is doing well now, which is to focus more on foreign market. The domestic franchisees are disappointed to KFC management team dueRead MoreKfc Marketing Fundamental1686 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical 5 1.1. Carbon tax 5 1.2. Minimum wages 5 2. Social Cultural 5 3. Economic 6 IV - Conclusion 6 V - References: 6 I - Introduction KFC, which has full name as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is one of well-known fast food brand names in the world due to their effective marketing strategies. To create good marketing strategies, KFC needs to understand the market by conducting a market research and collecting information about micro and macro environment. Therefore, they can influenceRead MoreKfc Case Study1509 Words   |  7 PagesKFC- Finger-lickin good Kentucky Fried Chicken Kentucky Fried Chicken is one of the well-known fast food restaurants in the world. The industry was founded by Colonel Sanders. The corporation is based in Louisville, Kentucky and now regarded as the most famous chicken restaurant chain. It can be noted that each day, nearly eight million customers avails the products and foods offered by this fast food chain.   KFC has more than 11, 000 branches in more than 80 nations and territories all overRead MoreMcdonalds Operations Management Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesand time in the operation management department of the business. This report will focus on the business, McDonald’s and what practices they have put in place to ensure that they are producing their products efficiently and sustainably. The business will also be compared and contrasted alongside the American fast-food restaurant chain famous for its fried chicken, providing recommendations on how McDonald’s could further improve their business in the area of waste and time management.  Business BackgroundRead MoreKfc Pizzahut Supply Chain954 Words   |  4 PagesKFC/Pizza Hut makes efficiency gains with Zap Business Intelligence Businesses become more agile, responsive and performance-focused Situation There are over 120 KFC and Pizza Hut outlets in Singapore, employing about 5,000 staff. Both brands also offer Singapore-wide delivery services. In the face of rapid business growth, KFC/Pizza Hut found that their business intelligence (BI) system was unable to cope. 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Also, employees would have a clearer understanding on their roles and responsibilities at work, which results it better productivity and efficiency. In fact, McDonalds has a variety of food menus which are locally adapted to itsRead MoreVrio for Kfc933 Words   |  4 PagesVRIO Framework of KFC VRIO framework use to find out the core competencies or sustainable competitive advantages which are helping firm to operate profitably in long term. For KFC, we try to find out its competitive advantage where we used four key components which help to identify in what KFC have competitive advantage compare to its competitors. Resources Valuable Rare Inimitable Exploited by the Organization Brand ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ Recipe ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ Experience ïÆ' ¼ X X ïÆ' ¼ Location ïÆ' ¼ X X ïÆ' ¼ Price ïÆ' ¼ X X ïÆ' ¼ Read MoreKFC1335 Words   |  6 Pagesinception, KFC has evolved through several different organizational changes. 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FinallyRead MoreJob Analysis And Talent Management Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesCOLLEGE Image MARKETING LEVEL – 7 Human Resources Management HRM 7010 Report By Dhanekula Vinay (C2266) SaiRam Koduru(C2275) Simranjeet singh (C2279) Tables of contents Page numbers Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Company overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 Job analysis and talent management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Recruiting process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Methods

Transportation and Distribution Management of Haier †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Transportation and Distribution Management of Haier. Answer: Introduction Haier is a Chinese electronics manufacturing company established in the year 1984. The headquarters of Haier is located in Qingdao. The company manufactures some of the electronic devices that are television, refrigerators, washing machine, microwaves, computers, mobile phones and air-conditions. They distribute these products almost every corner of the globe. Their major international markets of the company are USA, Russia, India, Pakistan, France, Malaysia, UK and many more. They started their international journey in 1990 in an effort to tap into the overseas markets (Haier.net, 2017). They face considerable competition in their international market from Philips, whirlpool, godrej and other similar products. The reason behind the company is lasting in their international markets for this long competing with these mentioned competitors is their core value and goal. The company follows a win-win mode of individual goal that provides sustainability to the company. It is because they are concerned to look after the interest of their customers unlike other Chinese companies that seeks for short-term profit (Haier.net, 2017). Their values prioritize the customers opinion, consider them right, and seek for the development their products to satisfy their needs. They also believe in the entrepreneurship and innovation. It helps the company to retain their value. Haire have revised their strategy over time to maintain these core values. The Company currently follows networking strategy to hold the market share and brand loyalty in their overseas markets. The purpose of the essay is to understand the incoterms and the process of selecting proper incoterm for the company. The considerations are discussed in relation to the selected organization and recommendation is made in for gaining competitive advantage in the market. It further focuses on the criterions considered for carrier selection andcarrier relationship management relating the factors with Haier. It also discusses how it can bring profit for the company. Incoterms Selection Consideration The company has invested a considerable amount of money in their first half for developing their logistics for operating in the Chinese market. This is due to the need of dealing with the increased outsourced logistics requirements of their products. They bought sixty per cent of the Shanghai Boyol New Brothers Supply Chainmanagement in the Chinese market and completely bought the complete Boyol Logistics in the international market. This helped them in increasing their profit by 19 per cent in the first half. Later, the company made alliance with the leading e-commerce business Alibaba with a goal of creating industry-leading standards for the logistics. Later, Haier integrated with other logistics business like Gooday mart Logistics to deliver efficient service to their customers (Greg Knowler, 2017). These steps taken by the company has considerably increased their profit and efficiency. However, this is limited to their Chinese market only. They considered foreign direct investme nt in expanding their business to the overseas market. This eliminates their need of supplying the products overseas as they now manufacture their products in their target markets. However, this increases the risk for the company, as they are liable for the goods they are for the product being delivered. This means that the company is chargeable for the damage in course of transportation. In other word, the company is responsible for securely delivering the products to the doorsteps of their customers (Stapleton, Pande O'Brien, 2014). Recommended Incoterm DAP DAP refers to delivered at place, which means the manufacturer is liable to pack and deliver the product to the shipment. The responsibility of the goods there after, moves to the buyers and the buyers are then liable to take responsibilities for the goods. Any kind of damage that might occur after the products have been handed over to the shipment falls under the buyers responsibility. Delivered at Place Moreover, the costing of transportation is also divided accordingly. The buyer needs to carry out the charges and responsibilities for customs clearance in the importing country, and the risk including all the customs duty. The carriage expenses along with the terminal expenses are to be paid by the seller in this case up to the agreed destination point. The buyer bears the costing from the final destination starting from unloading cost under the terms mentioned in DAP (Bergami, 2013). Adopting this third party logistics term will help the company reduce their costing of transport. Moreover, the company will be liable for the security of the product until packaging. Responsibility thereafter will move to the buyer and reduce the risk for the Haier. CPT CPT otherwise known as carriage paid to named destination can considerably reduce the cost and risk factors for Haier. Liability of the manufacturer according to this term is to deliver the products to the named destination for pick up by the first carrier. The costing and responsibility thereafter lies with the buyer. Carriage Paid to The only responsibility of the manufacturer is to pack the products according to the term and deliver it to the first major carrier in a mentioned place. Haier can obtain a certain level of advantage using this third party logistics supply chain by reducing the costing and risk factors incorporated within (Bergami, 2013). Carrier Selection Criteria The overall goal of the company is to deliver high quality products to the customers and consider their interest along with the business interest. This helps the company to do a sustainable business. Transportation goal of Haier on the other hand is to provide a safe delivery to their customers. This concern is due to the types of products them manufacture in their company. The electronic devices possess high threat of damage in transportation. The company further seeks to reduce the expenses spent on the transportation. It makes it obvious that they seek a reliable carrier that will safely deliver their product in low transportation cost. Moreover, the reliable carrier will also reduce the wastage cost that the electronics companies have to consider in the process (Choudhary Shankar, 2014). Reduction in transportation cost will also reduce the end price, which will fulfil Haiers win-win concept. Considerable Criterions Haier needs to consider various factors before selecting their carrier. However, some of them needs special attention as they are the primary determinant for the safe and secure delivery of the products. They are as follows: Geographical This is the most important determinants the company needs to consider in the process of selecting carrier. This is be of the operational area the company is covering. Haier has expanded their market in almost every corner of the world. Their manufacturing facilities and destination market is present in cities around the world (Zhao, 2012). It make it necessary for Haier to select a carrier with maximum geographical coverage. Otherwise, the primary purpose of transpiration will remain unattended. Equipment The second most important criteria the company needs to consider is the equipment the carrier uses for their transportation. Haier manufactures electronic products which is highly vulnerable to physical impacts. Hence, they will require a carrier that is technologically advanced and has the capability to provide the extra care required for transiting the products manufactured by Haier. Considering this factor will help Haier control the damage and reduce the costing that might occur from the damage during transit. Theory of transportation states that the primary objective of the company in transportation should focus on reducing per unit cost for shipping, which is possible to address by reducing the damage in transit (Aguezzoul, 2014). Transit Time Haier also needs to consider the transit time taken by the shipping line they select for delivering their product. It is to increase the satisfaction level of the buyer and to increase their business. Faster delivery means they can deliver more product in short period of time that will help the company to grow their business (Ben-Akiva, Bolduc Park, 2013). Reliability Lastly, Haier needs to consider in the process of carrier selection is the reliability. It incorporates multiple factors some of which are discussed earlier. The carrier should be precise about their pickup and drop location and timing. The shipping line should be picking up the products and deliver them to the exact point as mentioned and within time to ensure the success of the purpose of transportation. Moreover, it should also ensure the safety of the product to reduce the costing of transportation (Meixell Norbis, 2012). Carrier Relation Management As per the earlier discussion, Haier aims to deliver their products safely to their buyers in low cost. Moreover, they also desire to deliver the products in time that will further increase the satisfaction level of the buyer. The transportation model also states similar criteria for the transportation of the goods, which are safety, time and cost effectiveness (Govindan et al, 2012). The company should consider these factors to generate maximum revenue. In addition to the above-mentioned goals, the company also seeks to establish a good relation with the carrier to ensure long-term success. Type of Relationship Long-term relationship with the carrier is considered as the best for any manufacturing company considering many factors. Firstly, frequent change in the carrier company will hamper the business of the manufacturer. Moreover, it will put the business in insecurity regarding to the transportation. It is necessary for Haier to ensure a smooth transportation facility to keep the business running and deliver the products to its customers. Secondly, none of the parties involved will not be able to build trust, which is important in this line of work. The increased reliability of the carrier will ease the process (Graham, 2013). Hence, it will be necessary to build trust between the manufacturer and the carrier, which is possible only through long-term relationship. Thirdly, long-term relationship with a single carrier will save the company a considerable amount of money. Changing the carrier means changing contract, which may considerably vary over time. Moreover, safety measures should a lso be taken into account, which comes with the healthy relationship between the supplier and carrier (Winter Knemeyer, 2013). Process of relationship building Transparency should be maintained between the carrier and supplier. The data related to route, tonnage, monthly volume and other should be properly communicated to develop healthy relationship between the parties. Seasonal changes that might occur should also be calculated and communicated properly in prior order. The opinions provided by the carrier should also be considered as they have a deeper understanding of the geography of the location. Moreover, prioritizing their opinion will help building trust, which is important. Commitments from both the parties are required in this case. It is necessary for the supplier to maintain their commitments before seeking the commitments of the carrier. It will further strengthen the bonding. The opportunities should be shared with the carriers. It means that the manufacturer should provide opportunity to the carrier to gain benefit from the process. In other words, they should be incorporated in the business when the favorable opportunities arises. Operational changes should be properly communicated with the carrier and seek their opinion in the process if possible. This will avoid unwanted disruption in the transport process. Responsibilities related to the technological usage has to be shared by both the carrier and the shipper. The shipper must ensure the minimum manual work related to the tracking of the goods being imposed on the carrier. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that Haier have expanded their business in the international market and built facilities around the world. Hence, it is important for them to have a proper third party logistics firms to ensure the smooth distribution of their products in their operational markets. The CPT and DAP are the two incoterm that can provide certain level of benefit to the company transporting their products around the world. They can reduce the risk factors involved in international transportation with proper implementation of the proposed incoterms. However, they have to consider the criterions mention to select the right carrier for their distribution. These factors leads to the conclusion that Haier needs to build healthy and long-term relationship with their carrier for ensuring a sustainable development. They can utilize the proposed process of developing relationship with their selected carrier. References Aguezzoul, A. (2014). Third-party logistics selection problem: A literature review on criteria and methods.Omega,49, 69-78. Ben-Akiva, M., Bolduc, D., Park, J. Q. (2013). Discrete choice analysis of shippers preferences. InFreight Transport Modelling(pp. 119-141). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bergami, R. (2013). Incoterms 2010: The newest revision of delivery terms.Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis,15(2), 33-40. Bergami, R. (2013). Managing Incoterms 2010 risks: tension with trade and banking practices.International Journal of Economics and Business Research,6(3), 324-338. Choudhary, D., Shankar, R. (2014). A goal programming model for joint decision making of inventory lot-size, supplier selection and carrier selection.Computers Industrial Engineering,71, 1-9. Govindan, K., Palaniappan, M., Zhu, Q., Kannan, D. (2012). Analysis of third party reverse logistics provider using interpretive structural modeling.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), 204-211. Graham, A. (2013). Understanding the low cost carrier and airport relationship: A critical analysis of the salient issues. Tourism Management,36, 66-76. Greg Knowler, S. (2017).Haier expands China logistics business as 3PL demand grows.Joc.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.joc.com/international-logistics/haier-expands-china-logistics-business-3pl-demand-grows_20140827.html Haier.net. (2017). History | About Haier | Haier Group. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.haier.net/en/about_haier/history/ Meixell, M. J., Norbis, M. (2012). Integrating carrier selection with supplier selection decisions to improve supply chain security.International Transactions in Operational Research,19(5), 711-732. Stapleton, D. M., Pande, V., O'Brien, D. (2014). EXW, FOB OR FCA? Choosing the right Incoterm and why it matters to maritime shippers.Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy,81(3), 227. Winter, M., Knemeyer, A. M. (2013). Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), 18-38. Zhao, W. (2012).U.S. Patent No. 8,214,536. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.